Hair waving mandrel



July 28; 1959 MELARO 2,896,637

HAIR WAVING MANDREL Filed Dec. 13, 1956 v IN VEN TOR. Boss 5. M54 4.020

#52 Arraeusv itcd tates 2,896,637 Patented July 28, 1959 HAIR WAVING MANDREL Rose 'E. Melaro, Verona, Pa. Application December 13, 1956, Serial No. 628,181

2 Claims. 01. 132-34 This invention relates generally to apparatus for waving human hair on the head and more particularly to improvements in the rod or mandrel for producing a combination croquignole curl and spiral wave on a long strand of hair. The principal object of this invention is the provision of a rod or hair waving mandrel having three independent winding sections, one for producing a croquignole curl and the other two for producing a spiral wave. This rod is preferably constructed so that these three winding sections may be rotated independently of each other on the rod. By the team croquignole cur I refer to a curl which is given to a short length of hair. The hair is in relatively tight curls as distinguished from a gradual wave which is given to longer lengths of hair.

Another object of this invention is the provision of a trisection rod providing two spiral winding sections and one croquignole section preferably placed with the croquignole section intermediate the two spiral winding sections. 1 1

Another object of this invention is the provision of a trisection on which human hair is wound to produce waves therein; wherein each of the winding sections are in axial alignment and the two end sections are independently rotated relative to the intermediate section and the intermediate section when rotated rotates both of the end sections for the purpose of tightening the hair on the diiferent sections of the rod to produce the desired wave therein. With this form of mandrel, it is preferable to place a croquignole section inter-mediate two spiral winding sections so that the winding of the croquignole section will wind the spiral winding sections of the rod but that the spiral winding sections may be wound to tighten the hair therein independently of the croquignole section.

Other objects and advantages of this invention appear hereinafter in the following description and claims.

The accompanying drawings show for the purpose of exemplification without limiting this invention or the claims thereto, certain practical embodiments illustrating the principles of this invention wherein:

Fig. 1 is an enlarged plan view partly in section showing the hair waving rod comprising this invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged plan view showing the hair waving rod mounted on a standard clamp.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view in side elevation of the left end of the rod.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the right end of the rod mounted in the clamp.

Fig. 5 is a view in side elevation showing a modified structure of my rod invention applied to a clamp.

Fig. 6 is a modifiedform of a mandrel having only one rotary spiral winding section.

Fig. 7 is a modified form of a mandrel with one croquignole and two spiral winding sections made as an integral piece.

Referring to Fig. 1 the hair waving rod in its simplest form is shown at 1 and comprises the croqu-ignole section 2 and the two spiral winding sections 3. The spiral winding. sections 3 are identical in the structure shown in Fig. 1 and comprise a cylindrical body 4 which matches the ends of the croquignole section and an enlarged flange member 5 the perimeter of which is provided with a series of teeth 6 forming notches 7 for the reception of the tightening key 8 which has a handle 10 and a spanner section 11 with a tine 12 that engages in the slots 7. The enlarged flange 5 is open in the center to provide the annular chamber 13 which cylindrical surface functions as a braking or gripping surface for the expansion spring 14 that is made fast by passing through the slot 15 of the shaft 16. The spring member 14 is formed as indicated in Fig. 3 and when the key is inserted as shown in Fig. 3 and drawn in a clockwise direction the spiral winding section 3 on the lefthand side of Fig. 1 will rotate in a clockwise direction. However it is quite difiicult to reverse the direction of rotation owing to the fact that the frictional engagement of the surface 13 in the flange 5 will expand the spring 14 and prevent or greatly retard relative rotation in the opposite direction.

The spiral winding section 3 on the righthand side of the rod is the same as that on the left. However the spring 14 is set in the opposite direction from that shown in Fig. 3 which permits both the spiral sections 3 to be rotated only toward the viewer of Fig. 1 relative to the croquignole section 1.

As shown in Fig. 1 the shaft 16 projecting from the left side of the croquignole section 2 has a small bearing slot 17 formed in the end thereof to receive the bearing member of the clamp. The croquignole section 2 is preferably provided with a knurled surface 20 in the center of the spool section 211 which is also provided with a clamping finger 22 pivoted to the one end of the croquignole section as indicated by the pin 23 that passes therethrough. Adjacent to the pin 23 the croquignole is provided with the outwardly extending shaft 24 that carries the right hand spiral winding section. 3 which is likewise provided with a slot 15 for receiving the spring member 14 which as previously stated is wound in the opposite direction as that shown in Fig. 3.

The shaft 24 extends beyond this slot 15 and is provided with a rachet gear 25 which is set so that it may be rotated in the direction toward the viewer of Fig. 1 and when engaged with a pawl 32 will prevent rotation in the opposite direction. The pawl is mounted on a clam Outwardly from the ratchet gear 25 a handle 26 is provided on the end of the rod 24. Thus the handle 26 and the ratchet 25 control the rotation of the croquignole section 2 of the rod and when mounted in a clamp, it is permitted to be rotated only in a direction toward the viewer of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. As previously stated each of the spiral winding sections: 3 may likewise be rotated by hand or by the key 8 in the same direction and independently of the croquignole section, or independently of each other. However, when the croquignole section is rotated by the handle 26 both the spiral winding sections must be rotated therewith, because of the construction of the clutch springs 14 and the manner in which they are mounted. Thus with the structure as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 a croquignole section 2 cannot be rotated independently of the spiral winding sections 3 but these sections 3 may each be rotated relative to each other and relative to the croquignole section 2.

As shown in Fig. 2 the bearing section 17 of the rod is seated in the bearing member 27 of the clamp 28 and the bearing section 31) between the enlarged section 5 and the sprocket member 25 is supported. by the bearing member 31 of the clamp 28. The ratchet gear 25 is engaged by a pawl 32. The separable jaws 33 and 34 of the clamp 28 are hinged at one end and are opened and closed in one position by the cam type locking lever 35 which is pivotally connected through a link to the jaw 34, the jaws 33 and 34 being pivoted at the right end as shown in Fig. 2. 'By observing the mandrel as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 it will be seen that the enlarged portions actually function not only to permit rotation of their spiral winding sections 3 but they also function as spool ends to prevent the hair from n1nning off the rod. This is quite a problem in waving long strands of hair which is the principal use of this design of rod.

Referring now to Fig. 5 the croquignole section 2 is the same as that shown on the previous figures. However the spiral winding sections 36 and 37 are different in that their enlarged portions 5 are each provided with a ratchet gear 38 and 39 respectively. The ratchet gear 38 permits the spiral winding section 36 to be wound only in the direction toward the viewer of Fig. 5 which is also true of the ratchet gear 39 when the mandrel engaged in the clamp and the gears are in contact with the pawl members 40 and 41 respectively. The same key 8 may be employed to tighten the spiral sections 36 and 37 when engaged on the respective ratchet gears 38 and 39. Thus the ratchet gears 38 and 39 are mounted in the same relation to the axis of the rod as that of the ratchet gear 25. In all other respects the mandrel structure of Fig. 5 is the same as that shown in Figs. 1 and 2. With the use of the three independent ratchet gear members 25, 38 and 39 the croquignole section 2 may be wound independently on the clamp member 28 without rotating either of the spiral winding sections 36 and 37 and likewise each of the sections 36 and 37 may be wound independently of the croquignole section and independently of each other.

It will be noted that the bearing member 31 between the enlarged member 5 or the ratchet gear 39 or the fatchet gear 25 provides a good holding arrangement that prevents the mandrel from sliding out of the bearingsof the clamp. This is a considerable improvement in the structures found on the market today. It will be also noted that the opposite end of the clamp 23 has a spring member 42 which is provided by riveting the same on the bearing member 27 which spring member has a hood 43 the top of which is not depressed as indicated at 44 so that the end of the shaft 16 may be snapped down under the hood 43 and thus retain the same on the bearing 27. To remove the rod one merely lifts the right end of the rod out of the bearing 31 which permits the withdrawal of the shaft 16 from under the hood 43.

Each of the pawl members 32, 40 and 41 are constructed so that they may be depressed and locked in a position that retains them from their respective engagement on the ratchet gears which permits the removal of the mandrel when wound with hair from the bearings 27 and 31. This is another important feature of this invention.

I provide three rod sections, two of which are spiral winding sections and which may or may not have a slight taper but which may be interchanged in their axial position along the rod. However the preferable form is that which is shown and when the strand of hair is wound thereon it is first wound on the croquignole section regard less of its location and then itis wound to a first spiral winding section and then to the second spiral winding section. If the croquignole section is intermediate as shown, the spiral must, of course, pass over the croquignole winding. When the mandrel is filled with a strand of hair one can manipulate the same to tighten either spiral Winding section independently of the croquignole section or tighten the spiral winding section either independently or together with the other spiral winding section. This enables one to tighten different portions of the strand of hair wound on the rod and thereby control the character of the wave throughout the 4 length of the rod which has not heretofore been accomplished.

Referring now to Fig. 6 the mandrel 44 is made up of three winding sections, an intermediate croquignole winding section 45 and a spiral winding section 46 integral therewith. The outer end of the spiral winding section 46 is provided with an enlarged flange 47 for retaining the hair on the mandrel and the end of the rod is provided with a bearing member 48. The opposite end of the intermediate croquignole winding section 45 is provided with a shaft 50 which has mounted thereon the second spiral winding section 51 in the form of a sleeve rotatably mounted on theshaft 50 and having an enlarged flange member 52, the perimetral surface of which is provided with a series of ratchet teeth for locking the winding section 51 when mounted on a clamp. This flange member is also employed to wind the spiral winding section 51 by the use of a key as previously described. When the key is applied to the gear teeth the section 51 will be independently wound relative to the section and the shaft 50. The outer end of the sleeye 51 is provided with a recess 53 to receive a clutch member 54 which is similar to the clutch member 14 of Fig. 3 and is connected to the shaft as previously described. Thus the clutch member permits the rotation of the sleeve 51 independently of the shaft 50. When the shaft 50 is rotated the clutch member drives the spiral section 51 in the same direction. The section of the shaft 50 between the enlarged flange 52 and a gear member 55 provides a bearing member 56. The gear member 55 is in the form of a ratchet for locking the croquignole section 45 and the spiral winding section 46 which is formed integral therewith. A handle 57 is employed on the end of the shaft 50 for rotating the same.

Referring now to Fig. 7 the croquignole section 60 is intermediate of and is formed integral with each of the spiral winding sections 61 and 62,. The outer end of each spiral winding section is provided with an enlarge d flange such as indicated at 63 and 64. The outer surface of the flange 63 is provided with a series of' ratchet teeth employed to lock the rod relative to the clamp on which it is rotatably mounted. A turning mem ber 65 is mounted on the end of the bearing member 66 which is likewise formed integral with the mandrel. The opposite end of the mandrel is provided with a bearin'g member 67. In this structure none of the croquignole or spiral winding sections of the mandrel are independent of each other. It is necessary for the person actuating the mandrel to independently tighten the hair on each section by hand. The hair is ordinarily initially wound on the croquignole section 60 and after it has been tightly wound with the strand of hair spanning the width of the spool of the croquignole section, the hair is drawn off this section onto the spiral winding section 62 in the form of a round rope and is spirally wound around this section to the flange 64. The operator must then tighten this section by handby manipulating the rod and the hair and then wind the hair in spiral form back across the rod and the croquignole section to the spiral winding section 61 and onto the flange 63 where again the operator must by manipulation of the rod tighten this last section of hair. The strand of hair is then generally brought back onto the spiral winding section 61 towards the croquignole section and fanned out and passed through the hair clamp after which when the bearing sections 66" and 67 are placed on the clamp the mandrel may be rotated to tighten this last section of the strand of hair.

1. A combination croquignole and spiral wave forming mechanism comprising a mandrel having a croquignole section; shafts concentric with the central longitudinal axis of the croquignole section and extending from each end of said section, a cylindrical spiral winding section mounted for rotation on each shaft, clutch means operatively connecting each spiral winding section with the shaft on which it is mounted whereby the spiral winding sections may rotate in the same but only one direction relative to the croq-uignole section, and a holding device for preventing rotation of the mandrel when it is close to the scalp and hair is wound thereon, said clutch means permitting rotation of the spiral winding sections in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the croquignole section when hair is being wound thereon to bring the mandrel to the holding device when in operative position, and separate means on the holding device for each spiral winding section to restrain rotation of those sections in a direction to unwind the hair.

2. A combination croquignole and spiral wave forming mechanism comprising a mandrel having a croquignole section, shafts concentric with the central longitudinal axis of the croquignole section and extending from each end of said section, a cylindrical spiral winding section mounted for rotation on each shaft, clutch means operatively connecting each spiral winding section with the shaft on which it is mounted whereby the spiral winding sections may rotate in the same but only one direction relative to the croquignole section, a clamp for holding a strand of hair wound on the mandrel and for holding the mandrel with hair wound thereon close to the scalp, said clutch means permitting rotation of the spiral winding sections in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the croquignole section when hair is being wound thereon to bring the mandrel to the clamp when in operative position, outwardly spaced open bearings on the clamp for receiving the mandrel, and separate means on the clamp for engaging each spiral winding section to restrain rotation of those sections in a direction to unwind the hair.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Kreisberg July 5, 1927 Berg Dec. 2, 1941 Melaro July 14, 1942 

